Ice Seals
Ringed, Ribbon, Spotted and Bearded Ice Seals

Ribbon seal. Photo: Mike Cameron, NOAA's National
Marine Mammal Laboratory
MANAGEMENT
Diseased Seals
Bearded and Ringed Seals
Proposed ESA Listings
- Special Peer Review New!
- News Release: April 5, 2012
- Notice of availability and opening of comment period on a special independent peer review of the December 2010 status review report of the bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) under the Endangered Species Act, as amended (ESA). This notice announces availability of a peer review report that consolidates the comments received from the reviewers and the opening of a 30-day public comment period on that report. Comments and information must be received by May 7, 2012
- Notice of availability and opening of comment period on a special independent peer review of the December 2010 status review report of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) under the Endangered Species Act, as amended (ESA). This notice announces availability of a peer review report that consolidates the comments received from the reviewers and the opening of a 30-day public comment period on that report. Comments and information must be received by May 7, 2012
- Report on Special Independent Peer Review of the Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida) Status Review Report, March 2012
- Report on Special Independent Peer Review of the Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) Status Review Report, March 2012, (Minor correction to report (p. 2), 04/05/12)
- Extension of final determinations:
- 76 FR 77465, December 13, 2011. NMFS extends the date for the final determination regarding the proposed rule (75 FR 77496, December 10, 2010) to list two distinct population segments of bearded seals as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. A final determination on this listing action will be made no later than June 10, 2012.
- 76 FR 77466, December 13, 2011. NMFS extends the date for the final determination reguarding the proposed rule (75 FR 77476, December 10, 2010) to list four subspecies of the ringed seal as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. A final determination on this listing action will be made no later than June 10, 2012.
- News Release: NOAA extends final decision on listing some ringed and bearded seals as threatened.
- Public Comment Analysis Report for the proposed Endangered Species Act listing of the Beringia and Okhotsk distinct populations segments of bearded seals and the Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic and Ladoga subspecies of ringed seals as threatened, July 2011
- Public Hearings:
- NMFS Public Hearing Presentation
- 76 FR 14882, March 18, 2011. Notice of public hearing on April 5, 2011, from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. in Nome, AK.
- 76 FR 14883, March 18, 2011. Notice of public hearing on April 5, 2011, from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. in Nome, AK.
- 76 FR 9733, February 22, 2011. Notice of public hearings on a proposed rule to list the Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic, and Ladoga subspecies of the ringed seal as threatened.
- 76 FR 9734, February 22, 2011. Notice of public hearings on the proposed rule to list the Beringia and Okhotsk Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of the bearded seal as threatened.
- News Release: March 17, 2011
- News Release: February 22, 2011
- Extension of Public Comment Periods:
- 76 FR 6754, February 8, 2011. Extension of public comment period on the proposed rule (75 FR 77476, December 10, 2010) to list the Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic, and Ladoga subspecies of the ringed seal as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. Comment period extended through March 25, 2011.
- 76 FR 6755, February 8, 2011. Extension of public comment period on the proposed rule (75 FR 77496, December 10, 2010) to list the Beringia and Okhotsk Distinct Population Segments of the bearded seal as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. Comment period extended through March 25, 2011.
- News Release: February 8, 2011
Previous ESA Listing-Related Actions
- 75 FR 77476, December 10, 2010. Notice of completion of a comprehensive status review of the ringed seal under the Endangered Species Act and an announcement of a 12-month finding on a petition to list the ringed seal. Proposed rule to list the Arctic, Okhotsk, Baltic, and Ladoga subspecies as a threatened species. Comment period through February 8, 2011.
- References cited
- Status Review of the Ringed Seal, December 2010
- 75 FR 77496, December 10, 2010. Notice of completion of a comprehensive status review of the bearded seal under the Endangered Species Act and an announcement of a 12-month finding on a petition to list the bearded seal. Proposed rule to list the Beringia and the Okhotsk bearded seals as threatened species. Comment period through February 8, 2011.
- References cited
- Status Review of the Bearded Seal, December 2010
- News Release: December 3, 2010
- 73 FR 51615, September 4, 2008. Notice of a 90–day finding on a petition to list three ice seal species as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Information and comments must be submitted by November 3, 2008.
- Center for Biological Diversity Petition to List Three Seal Species Under the ESA: Ringed Seal (Pusa Hispida), Bearded Seal (Erignathus Barbatus), and Spotted Seal (Phoca Largha), May 2008
Spotted Seals
Final ESA Listing
- 75 FR 65239, October 22, 2010. Final rule to list the southern distinct population segment of the spotted seal as a threatened species. Effective November 22, 2010.
- Status Review of the Spotted Seal (Phoca largha), P. L. Boveng, et al., NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-200, October 2009
- News Release: NOAA Lists Population of Spotted Seals as Threatened, October 2010
Previous ESA Listing-Related Actions
- 74 FR 53683, October 20, 2009. Notice of a completed status review of the spotted seal under the Endangered Species Act which concludes the spotted seal exists as three distinct population segments (DPS) within the North Pacific Ocean. NMFS has determined the southern DPS should be listed as a threatened species. Comments period through December 21, 2009. Requests for public hearings must be made in writing and received by December 4, 2009.
- Status Review of the Spotted Seal, October 2009
- News Release, October 15, 2009
- 73 FR 51615, September 4, 2008. Notice of a 90–day finding on a petition to list three ice seal species as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Information and comments must be submitted by November 3, 2008.
- Center for Biological Diversity Petition to List Three Seal Species Under the ESA: Ringed Seal (Pusa Hispida), Bearded Seal (Erignathus Barbatus), and Spotted Seal (Phoca Largha), May 2008
Ribbon Seals
ESA Status Review
- 76 FR 77467, December 13, 2011. Announcement of initiation of a new status review to determine whether listing the ribbon seal as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act is warranted. Comment period through February 13, 2012.
- News Release: NOAA to review whether ribbon seal should be listed under the Endangered Species Act
Previous ESA Listing-Related Actions
- U.S. District Court Order Denying Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Judgement; Center for Biologicial Diversity and Greenpeace vs. Jane Lubchenco (NOAA), December 2010
- Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief, Center for Biological Diversity and Greenpeace, September 2009
- 60-Day Notice of Intent to Sue, Center for Biological Diversity and Greenpeace, March 2009
- 73 FR 79822, December 30, 2008. Notice of 12-Month Finding on a Petition to List the Ribbon Seal as a Threatened or Endangered Species. Listing of the ribbon seal is not warranted at this time.
- Status Review of the Ribbon Seal, December 2008
- News Release, December 2008
- 73 FR 16617, March 28, 2008. Announcement of a 90-day finding on a petition to list the ribbon seal as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA. Comment period through May 27, 2008.
- Receipt of Petition Letter, January 2008
- Center for Biological Diversity Petition to List the Ribbon Seal as a Threatened or Endangered Species Under the ESA, December 2007
CO-MANAGEMENT
- Frequently Asked Questions: 11 x 8.5, 11 x 17, July 2011
- Ice Seal Management Plan, February 2012
- Letter from NMFS to the Ice Seal Committee regarding Center for Biological Diversity petition to list three ice seal species, June 2008
- Agreement between the Ice Seal Committee and NMFS for the Co-Management of Alaskan Ice Seal Populations, October 2006
RESEARCH
NMFS Research
- NMML Polar Ecosystems Program
- Status Review of the Bearded Seal, December 2010
- Status Review of the Ringed Seal, December 2010
- Status Review of the Spotted Seal, October 2009
- Status Review of the Ribbon Seal, December 2008
- Ice Seal Abundance Survey, April 2008
- Ice Seal Breeding Ecology Cruise, April 2008
- Field Report from the Oscar Dyson, Ice Seal Research and Satellite Tagging, May 2007
- Ice Seal Operations, April 2006
- Stock Assessment Reports
- Arctic Ice Seals (species studied)
- Incidental Take and Research Permits
Associated Research
- Native Village of Kotezbue
- Bearded Ice Seal Satellite Tagging Project (external link)
- Ringed Seal Tagging Project (external link)
- State of Alaska, Department of Fish and Game Ice Seal Biological Monitoring (external link)
- Inorganic Nutrients and Contaminants in Subsistence Species of Alaska: Linking Wildlife and Human Health, International Journal of Circumpolar Health, Sara Moses, et. al., 2009
- Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, John R. Kucklick,, et. al., 2006
Development in Beaufort and Chukchi Seas

Spotted seal pup on ice. Photo: NOAA's National
Marine Mammal Laboratory
- News Release: NOAA issues science-based measures to protect marine mammals during Shell's proposed oil and gas exploratory programs in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas NEW!
- 77 FR 27322, 05/09/2012. Notice that NMFS has issued an Incidental Harassment Authorization to Shell Gulf of Mexico Inc. to take marine mammals, by harassment, incidental to offshore exploration drilling on Outer Continental Shelf leases in the Chukchi Sea, Alaska. Effective July 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012.
- 77 FR 27284, 05/09/2012. Notice that NMFS has issued an Incidental Harassment Authorization to Shell Offshore Inc. to take marine mammals, by harassment, incidental to offshore exploration drilling on Outer Continental Shelf leases in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Effective July 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012.
- Incidental Harassment Authorization, Shell's Application and NMFS' Environmental Assesment
- 77 FR 11492, February 27, 2012. Notice of availability of the "Draft Environmental Assessment for the Issuance of Incidental Harassment Authorizations for the Take of Marine Mammals by Harassment Incidental to Conducting Exploratory Drilling Programs in the U.S. Beaufort and Chukchi Seas." Comment period through March 28, 2012.
- 76 FR 39706, July 6, 2011. Notice of a request from BP Exploration Inc. for authorization for the take of marine mammals incidental to operation of offshore oil and gas facilities in the U.S. Beaufort Sea, Alaska, for the period 2011–2016. Comment period through August 5, 2011.
- 76 FR 30110, May 24, 2011. Notice of an application from Statoil USA E&P Inc. for an Incidental Harassment Authorization to take marine mammals, by harassment, incidental to a proposed open water shallow hazards survey in the Chukchi Sea, Alaska, between July through November 2011. Comment period through June 23, 2011.
- 74 FR 55539, October 28, 2009. Notice of NMFS and Minerals Management Service's withdrawl of their intent to prepare a Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement on proposed geophysical exploration using seismic surveys in the waters of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Effective October 28, 2009.
- 74 FR 55368, October 27, 2009. Notice of issuance of an Incidental Harassment Authorization to Shell Offshore Inc. and Shell Gulf of Mexico Inc. in the Chukchi Sea, Alaska. Effective August 19, 2009, through August 18, 2010.
- 73 FR 46774, August 11, 2008. Notice of an Incidental Harassment Authorization to take marine mammals, by Level-B harassment, incidental to conducting open water shallow hazard and site clearance surveys by ASRC Energy Service in the Chukchi Sea.
- 73 FR 45969, August 7, 2008. Notice that NMFS has issued an Incidental Harassment Authorization to PGS Onshore, Inc. to take, by harassment, small numbers of six species of marine mammals incidental to an exploratory 3D marine seismic survey in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Effective July 30, 2008, through July 29, 2009.
- Federal district court decision to uphold NOAA's issuance of an incidental harassment authorization to Shell Offshore, Inc., July 2008
- 73 FR 40512, July 15, 2008. Notice of issuance of an IHA to BP Exploration, Inc. to take, by harassment, small numbers of six species of marine mammals incidental to a 3D, ocean bottom cable (OBC) seismic survey in the Liberty Prospect, Beaufort Sea, Alaska during July and August, 2008. Effective July 8, 2008, through August 25, 2008.
- 73 FR 38990, July 8, 2008. Notice of issuance of a letter of authorization to BP Exploration, Inc. to take marine mammals incidental to the production of offshore oil and gas at the Northstar development in the Beaufort Sea off Alaska. Effective from July 7, 2008, through July 6, 2009.
- 73 FR 36044, June 25, 2008. Notice of receipt of an application from Shell Offshore, Inc. and its contractor WesternGeco for an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) to take small numbers of marine mammals, by harassment, incidental to conducting marine geophysical programs, including deep seismic surveys, on oil and gas lease blocks located on Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) waters in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. Comment period through July 25, 2008.
- 73 FR 31816, June 4, 2008. Notice of receipt of application from Shell Offshore, Inc. for an Incidental Harassment Authorization to take small numbers of marine mammals, by harassment in the Beaufort Sea off Alaska. Comment period through July 7, 2008.
- 73 FR 9535, February 21, 2008. Notification of Incidental Harassment Authorizations (IHAs) to take marine mammals, by Level-B harassment, incidental to conducting on-ice marine geophysical research and seismic surveys by CGGVeritas (Veritas) and Shell Offshore, Inc. (SOI) in the U.S. Beaufort Sea.
- Shell Offshore, Inc. Open Water Exploration and Appraisal Drilling Program (external link)
- Beaufort Sea Seals (external link)
Strandings
- Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) on the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (MMHSRP), February 2009
- Stranding Summary Reports